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The “type” property in the Service's specification determines how the service is exposed to the network.ĬlusterIP is the default and most common service type. There are 4 types of Kubernetes services: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer and ExternalName. We use a Service to make that set of Pods available on the network so that users can interact with it. In Kubernetes, a Service is a method for exposing a network application in the cluster. The diagram below shows 4 ways to expose a Service. Top 4 Kubernetes Service Types in one diagram.

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Subscribe to our weekly newsletter to get a Free System Design PDF (158 pages): #systemdesign #coding #interviewtips 🔹 Over to you: Which tools have you used for system monitoring? Then the data is sent to Grafana for display or to the alert manager which then sends out email, SMS, or Slack notifications or alerts. Prometheus pulls the data and transforms the data based on pre-defined alerting rules. The raw data is recorded in time-series databases like InfluxDB. For example, service QPS, API responsiveness, service latency, etc. Metrics are usually aggregatable information from the system. We use OpenTelemetry to showcase the typical architecture, which unifies the 3 pillars in a single framework. This is useful when we are trying to identify the bottlenecks in the system. For example, a user request goes through the API gateway, load balancer, service A, service B, and database, which can be visualized in the tracing systems. We often define a standardized logging format for different teams to implement, so that we can leverage keywords when searching among massive amounts of logs.

ELK (Elastic-Logstash-Kibana) stack is often used to build a log analysis platform. For example, we can record an incoming request or a visit to databases as events. Logging records discrete events in the system. The diagram below shows their definitions and typical architectures. Logging, tracing and metrics are 3 pillars of system observability.